If you want a short answer, it's in the title.
Below is a longer, minimally technical, answer. I may focus on the more technical aspects in another post when and if I have the time.
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First, let me explain the following:
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In order to test the benefits of schema.org markup for a web site of a small independent tour operator, a real web site was created. Real tours with very detailed itineraries and programs were developed.
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The site was run without schema.org markup for about two months, i.e. long enough for it to be fully indexed and start showing consistently in search results.
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After that, it was marked up with microdata using schema.org vocabulary and run that way for over five months (it takes a long time for Google to discover and "digest" embedded structured data).
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Below are some of the results of the test described as "non-technically" as possible.